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Word processor developed past Microsoft

Microsoft Word
Microsoft Office Word (2019–present).svg
Microsoft Word 2022.png

A story existence written and formatted in Give-and-take 2022 on Windows 10
Programmer(s) Microsoft
Initial release October 25, 1983; 38 years ago  (1983-10-25) (as Multi-Tool Word)
Stable release

2204 (sixteen.0.15128.20178) / April 26, 2022; 12 days agone  (2022-04-26) [1]

Operating system
  • Windows 10 and afterwards, Windows Server 2022 and later
Role 365 only
  • Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 and later[2]
Platform IA-32, x64, ARM, ARM64
Type Give-and-take processor
License Trialware
Website products.role.com/word
Microsoft Discussion for Mac
Word for Mac screenshot.png

Word for Mac running on macOS Mojave (x.14.6)
Developer(s) Microsoft
Stable release

sixteen.56 (Build 21121100) / December fourteen, 2021; 4 months ago  (2021-12-fourteen) [three]

Operating system macOS
Type Word processor
License Proprietary software plus services
Website products.part.com/word
Microsoft Word for Android
Original author(s) Microsoft Corporation
Programmer(s) Microsoft Corporation
Stable release

sixteen.0.14729.20146 / December 22, 2021; 4 months ago  (2021-12-22) [4]

Operating arrangement Android Oreo and afterward
License Proprietary commercial software
Website products.part.com/discussion
Microsoft Word for iOS
Programmer(southward) Microsoft Corporation
Stable release

two.56 / December 12, 2021; four months ago  (2021-12-12) [five]

Operating system iOS fourteen or later
IPadOS 14 or after
License Proprietary commercial software
Website products.office.com/discussion
Give-and-take Mobile for Windows x
Developer(s) Microsoft
Operating system Windows 10 and later, Windows 10 Mobile
Type Discussion processor
License Freemium
Website www.microsoft.com/shop/productId/9WZDNCRFJB9S

Microsoft Word is a discussion processing software developed by Microsoft. It was offset released on October 25, 1983,[6] under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems.[seven] [eight] [9] Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including: IBM PCs running DOS (1983), Apple Macintosh running the Classic Mac OS (1985), AT&T UNIX PC (1985), Atari ST (1988), Bone/2 (1989), Microsoft Windows (1989), SCO Unix (1990) and macOS (2001).

Commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or every bit a component of Microsoft Function suite of software, which tin can exist purchased either with a perpetual license or as part of a Microsoft 365 subscription. Word can also exist acquired by purchasing Windows RT or the discontinued Microsoft Works suite.

History [edit]

Origins [edit]

In 1981, Microsoft hired Charles Simonyi, the primary developer of Bravo, the kickoff GUI give-and-take processor, which was developed at Xerox PARC.[x] Simonyi started piece of work on a word processor called Multi-Tool Give-and-take and soon hired Richard Brodie, a onetime Xerox intern, who became the master software engineer.[10] [eleven] [12]

Microsoft announced Multi-Tool Word for Xenix[ten] and MS-DOS in 1983.[13] Its name was soon simplified to Microsoft Word.[7] Free demonstration copies of the application were bundled with the Nov 1983 issue of PC Earth, making it the first to be distributed on-disk with a magazine.[vii] [14] That yr Microsoft demonstrated Word running on Windows.[15]

Dissimilar nigh MS-DOS programs at the fourth dimension, Microsoft Word was designed to exist used with a mouse.[13] Advertisements depicted the Microsoft Mouse and described Word every bit a WYSIWYG, windowed word processor with the power to disengage and display assuming, italic, and underlined text,[16] although information technology could not return fonts.[vii] Information technology was non initially popular, since its user interface was different from the leading word processor at the fourth dimension, WordStar.[17] However, Microsoft steadily improved the production, releasing versions two.0 through 5.0 over the next six years. In 1985, Microsoft ported Give-and-take to the classic Mac Os (known as Macintosh System Software at the fourth dimension). This was made easier by Give-and-take for DOS having been designed for utilize with high-resolution displays and light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation printers, even though none were yet available to the general public.[18] It was also notable for its very fast cutting-and-paste role and unlimited number of undo operations, which are due to its usage of the piece table information structure.[nineteen]

Post-obit the precedents of LisaWrite and MacWrite, Word for Mac Bone added true WYSIWYG features. Information technology fulfilled a demand for a discussion processor that was more than capable than MacWrite.[20] Afterwards its release, Word for Mac OS's sales were higher than its MS-DOS counterpart for at least iv years.[ten]

The second release of Word for Mac OS, shipped in 1987, was named Give-and-take 3.0 to synchronize its version number with Discussion for DOS; this was Microsoft's start endeavor to synchronize version numbers across platforms. Word 3.0 included numerous internal enhancements and new features, including the first implementation of the Rich Text Format (RTF) specification, but was plagued with bugs. Within a few months, Word three.0 was superseded by a more stable Give-and-take three.01, which was mailed free to all registered users of 3.0.[xviii] Later on MacWrite Pro was discontinued in the mid-1990s, Word for Mac Os never had any serious rivals. Discussion v.1 for Mac Os, released in 1992, was a very pop word processor owing to its elegance, relative ease of utilize and feature gear up. Many users say it is the best version of Word for Mac OS e'er created.[18] [21]

In 1986, an agreement between Atari and Microsoft brought Word to the Atari ST[22] under the proper name Microsoft Write. The Atari ST version was a port of Word i.05 for the Mac OS[23] [24] and was never updated.

The outset version of Word for Windows was released in 1989. With the release of Windows 3.0 the following twelvemonth, sales began to option up and Microsoft before long became the market leader for discussion processors for IBM PC-compatible computers.[x] In 1991, Microsoft capitalized on Discussion for Windows' increasing popularity by releasing a version of Word for DOS, version 5.5, that replaced its unique user interface with an interface like to a Windows application.[25] [26] When Microsoft became enlightened of the Year 2000 problem, it made Microsoft Word 5.five for DOS available for download costless. As of February 2021[update], it is nevertheless available for download from Microsoft'south web site.[27] In 1991, Microsoft embarked on a project code-named Pyramid to completely rewrite Microsoft Word from the ground upwards. Both the Windows and Mac Os versions would kickoff from the same code base. Information technology was abandoned when it was determined that it would take the evolution squad too long to rewrite and then grab up with all the new capabilities that could have been added at the same time without a rewrite. Instead, the next versions of Word for Windows and Mac OS, dubbed version vi.0, both started from the code base of operations of Word for Windows 2.0.[21]

With the release of Word half-dozen.0 in 1993, Microsoft over again attempted to synchronize the version numbers and coordinate product naming across platforms, this time across DOS, Mac OS, and Windows (this was the final version of Give-and-take for DOS). It introduced AutoCorrect, which automatically fixed sure typing errors, and AutoFormat, which could reformat many parts of a certificate at once. While the Windows version received favorable reviews (e.k., from InfoWorld [28]), the Mac OS version was widely derided. Many accused it of beingness slow, clumsy and retention intensive, and its user interface differed significantly from Word 5.1.[21] In response to user requests, Microsoft offered Give-and-take 5 over again, subsequently it had been discontinued.[29] Subsequent versions of Word for macOS are no longer direct ports of Word for Windows, instead featuring a mixture of ported code and native code.

Give-and-take for Windows [edit]

Word for Windows is available stand up-alone or every bit part of the Microsoft Office suite. Give-and-take contains rudimentary desktop publishing capabilities and is the near widely used word processing plan on the market. Word files are commonly used as the format for sending text documents via e-mail because almost every user with a computer can read a Give-and-take document by using the Give-and-take application, a Word viewer or a word processor that imports the Give-and-take format (run into Microsoft Word Viewer).

Word 6 for Windows NT was the starting time 32-bit version of the production,[xxx] released with Microsoft Office for Windows NT around the same fourth dimension equally Windows 95. It was a straightforward port of Word six.0. Starting with Word 95, releases of Discussion were named after the year of its release, instead of its version number.[31]

Word 2007 introduced a redesigned user interface that emphasised the almost common controls, dividing them into tabs, and adding specific options depending on the context, such every bit selecting an epitome or editing a table.[32] This user interface, called Ribbon, was included in Excel, PowerPoint and Access 2007, and would be later introduced to other Office applications with Role 2010 and Windows applications such equally Paint and WordPad with Windows 7, respectively.[33]

The redesigned interface also includes a toolbar that appears when selecting text, with options for formatting included.[34]

Discussion 2007 also included the choice to save documents as Adobe Acrobat or XPS files,[34] and upload Word documents as blog posts on services such every bit WordPress.

Give-and-take 2010 allows the customization of the Ribbon,[35] adds a Backstage view for file management,[36] has improved document navigation, allows creation and embedding of screenshots,[37] and integrates with online services such equally Microsoft OneDrive.[38]

Word 2022 added a dictation function.

Word 2022 added co-authoring, a visual refresh on the get-go experience and tabs, automated cloud saving, night mode, line focus, an updated depict tab and support for ODF one.3.

Discussion for Mac [edit]

The Mac was introduced January 24, 1984, and Microsoft introduced Discussion i.0 for Mac a year later, on January xviii, 1985. The DOS, Mac, and Windows versions are quite different from each other. Only the Mac version was WYSIWYG and used a graphical user interface, far ahead of the other platforms. Each platform restarted its version numbering at "1.0".[39] There was no version ii on the Mac, but version iii came out on Jan 31, 1987, every bit described to a higher place. Word iv.0 came out on November 6, 1990, and added automated linking with Excel, the power to flow text around graphics and a WYSIWYG folio view editing way. Word 5.1 for Mac, released in 1992 ran on the original 68000 CPU and was the last to be specifically designed as a Macintosh application. The later Word vi was a Windows port and poorly received. Give-and-take five.i connected to run well until the last Classic MacOS. Many people continue to run Give-and-take 5.1 to this twenty-four hours under an emulated Mac classic system for some of its first-class features like certificate generation and renumbering or to admission their old files.

Microsoft Discussion 2011 running on OS X

In 1997, Microsoft formed the Macintosh Business Unit as an contained grouping within Microsoft focused on writing software for Mac OS. Its beginning version of Word, Word 98, was released with Part 98 Macintosh Edition. Document compatibility reached parity with Word 97,[29] and information technology included features from Word 97 for Windows, including spell and grammar checking with squiggles.[xl] Users could choose the menus and keyboard shortcuts to be like to either Word 97 for Windows or Give-and-take 5 for Mac Bone.

Word 2001, released in 2000, added a few new features, including the Office Clipboard, which immune users to copy and paste multiple items.[41] It was the terminal version to run on archetype Mac Bone and, on Mac OS X, it could simply run within the Classic Surround. Word X, released in 2001, was the start version to run natively on, and required, Mac OS Ten,[twoscore] and introduced non-contiguous text choice.[42]

Word 2004 was released in May 2004. It included a new Notebook Layout view for taking notes either by typing or by voice.[43] Other features, such as tracking changes, were made more similar with Office for Windows.[44]

Discussion 2008, released on January 15, 2008, included a Ribbon-like feature, called the Elements Gallery, that tin exist used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and images. It besides included a new view focused on publishing layout, integrated bibliography direction,[45] and native support for the new Role Open XML format. It was the first version to run natively on Intel-based Macs.[46]

Word 2011, released in October 2010, replaced the Elements Gallery in favor of a Ribbon user interface that is much more than similar to Part for Windows,[47] and includes a full-screen mode that allows users to focus on reading and writing documents, and support for Role Web Apps.[48]

Discussion 2021, added realtime co-authoring, automatic cloud saving, nighttime mode, immersive reader enhancements, line focus, a visual refresh, the ability to save pictures in SVG format and a new Sketched style outline.

Word for Mobile [edit]

Word Mobile is a word processor that allows creating and editing documents. It supports basic formatting, such as bolding, changing font size, and changing colors (from scarlet, yellowish, or greenish). Information technology tin can add together comments, but can't edit documents with tracked changes. It tin can't open countersign protected documents, change the typeface, text alignment, or style (normal, heading i); create bulleted lists; insert pictures; or disengage.[49] [fifty] [51] Discussion Mobile is neither able to brandish nor insert footnotes, endnotes, page headers, page footers, page breaks, certain indentation of lists, and sure fonts while working on a certificate, simply retains them if the original document has them.[52] In addition to the features of the 2013 version, the 2007 version on Windows Mobile also has the ability to save documents in the Rich Text Format and open legacy PSW (Pocket Word).[52] Furthermore, it includes a spell checker, discussion count tool, and a "Find and Replace" control. In 2015, Word Mobile became available for Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile on Windows Store.[53]

File formats [edit]

Native file formats
DOC Legacy Discussion document
DOT Legacy Give-and-take templates
WBK Legacy Word document backup
DOCX XML Word document
DOCM XML Word macro-enabled document
DOTX XML Discussion template
DOTM XML Word macro-enabled template
DOCB XML Discussion binary certificate

Filename extensions [edit]

Microsoft Discussion'south native file formats are denoted either past a .doc or .docx filename extension.

Although the .md extension has been used in many dissimilar versions of Give-and-take, it actually encompasses four distinct file formats:

  1. Word for DOS
  2. Word for Windows 1 and two; Word three and 4 for Mac OS
  3. Word 6 and Word 95 for Windows; Word 6 for Mac OS
  4. Word 97 and afterwards for Windows; Word 98 and later for Mac Bone

(The archetype Mac Bone of the era did not utilize filename extensions.)[54]

The newer .docx extension signifies the Office Open up XML international standard for Function documents and is used by default by Word 2007 and subsequently for Windows besides equally Word 2008 and later for macOS.[55]

Binary formats (Word 97–2007) [edit]

During the late 1990s and early 2000s, the default Give-and-take document format (.Medico) became a de facto standard of document file formats for Microsoft Office users.[ commendation needed ] In that location are different versions of "Word Certificate Format" used past default in Word 97–2007.[56] Each binary give-and-take file is a Compound File,[57] a hierarchical file system within a file. According to Joel Spolsky, Give-and-take Binary File Format is extremely complex mainly because its developers had to arrange an overwhelming number of features and prioritize operation over anything else.

As with all OLE Chemical compound Files, Word Binary Format consists of "storages", which are analogous to computer folders and "streams", which are similar to computer files. Each storage may comprise streams or other storage. Each Word Binary File must contain a stream called "WordDocument" stream and this stream must offset with a File Data Block (FIB).[59] FIB serves as the kickoff point of reference for locating everything else, such as where the text in a Word document starts, ends, what version of Give-and-take created the certificate and other attributes.

Word 2007 and later on keep to support the DOC file format, although it is no longer the default.

XML Certificate (Discussion 2003) [edit]

The .docx XML format introduced in Word 2003[60] was a simple, XML-based format called WordProcessingML or WordML .[61]

The Microsoft Function XML formats are XML-based certificate formats (or XML schemas) introduced in versions of Microsoft Office prior to Function 2007. Microsoft Part XP introduced a new XML format for storing Excel spreadsheets and Office 2003 added an XML-based format for Word documents.

These formats were succeeded by Office Open XML (ECMA-376) in Microsoft Part 2007.

Cross-version compatibility [edit]

Opening a Give-and-take Document file in a version of Word other than the 1 with which information technology was created can cause an incorrect brandish of the document. The document formats of the various versions change in subtle and not so subtle ways (such as changing the font or the handling of more complex tasks like footnotes). Formatting created in newer versions does not e'er survive when viewed in older versions of the program, most always because that capability does not exist in the previous version.[62] Rich Text Format (RTF), an early effort to create a format for interchanging formatted text between applications, is an optional format for Give-and-take that retains most formatting and all content of the original certificate.

Third-party formats [edit]

Plugins permitting the Windows versions of Word to read and write formats it does not natively support, such every bit international standard OpenDocument format (ODF) (ISO/IEC 26300:2006), are available. Up until the release of Service Pack 2 (SP2) for Function 2007, Discussion did not natively support reading or writing ODF documents without a plugin, namely the Sun ODF Plugin or the OpenXML/ODF Translator. With SP2 installed, ODF format 1.ane documents can be read and saved similar any other supported format in add-on to those already available in Word 2007.[62] [63] [64] [65] [66] The implementation faces substantial criticism, and the ODF Alliance and others take claimed that the 3rd-party plugins provide meliorate support.[67] Microsoft later alleged that the ODF back up has some limitations.[68]

In October 2005, 1 year before the Microsoft Office 2007 suite was released, Microsoft alleged that there was insufficient demand from Microsoft customers for the international standard OpenDocument format support and that therefore it would not be included in Microsoft Role 2007. This statement was repeated in the following months.[69] [seventy] [71] [72] As an answer, on October 20, 2005 an online petition was created to demand ODF support from Microsoft.[73]

In May 2006, the ODF plugin for Microsoft Role was released by the OpenDocument Foundation.[74] Microsoft declared that it had no relationship with the developers of the plugin.[75]

In July 2006, Microsoft announced the creation of the Open XML Translator project – tools to build a technical bridge between the Microsoft Function Open XML Formats and the OpenDocument Format (ODF). This work was started in response to government requests for interoperability with ODF. The goal of project was not to add ODF support to Microsoft Role, but just to create a plugin and an external tool-set.[76] [77] In Feb 2007, this project released a start version of the ODF plugin for Microsoft Word.[78]

In February 2007, Sunday released an initial version of its ODF plugin for Microsoft Office.[79] Version 1.0 was released in July 2007.[80]

Microsoft Discussion 2007 (Service Pack 1) supports (for output but) PDF and XPS formats, but only afterward transmission installation of the Microsoft 'Save every bit PDF or XPS' improver.[81] [82] On later releases, this was offered by default.

Features and flaws [edit]

Among its features, Word includes: a built-in spell checker, a thesaurus, a dictionary and utilities for manipulating and editing text. The following are some aspects of its feature fix.

Templates [edit]

Several subsequently versions of Word include the power for users to create their own formatting templates, allowing them to ascertain a file in which: the title, heading, paragraph and other element designs differ from the standard Word templates.[83] Users can discover how to do this under the Help department located almost the top right corner (Word 2013 on Windows eight).

For instance, Normal.dotm is the principal template from which all Give-and-take documents are created. It determines the margin defaults as well every bit the layout of the text and font defaults. Although Normal.dotm is already fix with certain defaults, the user tin can change it to new defaults. This will change other documents which were created using the template.[84] It was previously Normal.dot.[85]

Image formats [edit]

Word tin can import and display images in common bitmap formats such as JPG and GIF. Information technology can also be used to create and display simple line-fine art. Microsoft Give-and-take added support[86] for the mutual SVG vector image format in 2022 for Office 365 ProPlus subscribers and this functionality was also included in the Office 2022 release.

WordArt [edit]

An instance image created with WordArt

WordArt enables cartoon text in a Microsoft Word document such as a title, watermark or other text, with graphical effects such every bit: skewing, shadowing, rotating, stretching in a diversity of shapes and colors and fifty-fifty including 3-dimensional effects. Users can apply formatting effects such as: shadow, bevel, glow and reflection to their document text as easily equally applying bold or underline. Users can as well spell-cheque text that uses visual effects and add text effects to paragraph styles.

Macros [edit]

A Macro is a rule of pattern that specifies how a sure input sequence (often a sequence of characters) should exist mapped to an output sequence according to a defined procedure. Ofttimes used or repetitive sequences of keystrokes and mouse movements can exist automated. Similar other Microsoft Role documents, Word files can include avant-garde macros and fifty-fifty embedded programs. The linguistic communication was originally WordBasic, just changed to Visual Basic for Applications as of Word 97.

This extensive functionality can also be used to run and propagate viruses in documents. The tendency for people to substitution Give-and-take documents via electronic mail, USB flash drives and floppy disks made this an especially attractive vector in 1999. A prominent example was the Melissa virus, but endless others have existed.

These macro viruses were the only known cross-platform threats between Windows and Macintosh computers and they were the only infection vectors to bear on any macOS system up until the appearance of video codec trojans in 2007.[ citation needed ] Microsoft released patches for Word X and Discussion 2004 that finer eliminated the macro trouble on the Mac by 2006.

Word's macro security setting, which regulates when macros may execute, can exist adjusted by the user, simply in the most recent versions of Word, it is set up to HIGH by default, mostly reducing the run a risk from macro-based viruses, which have become uncommon.

Layout issues [edit]

Before Word 2010 (Discussion 14) for Windows, the programme was unable to correctly handle ligatures divers in OpenType fonts.[87] Those ligature glyphs with Unicode codepoints may be inserted manually, but are not recognized past Word for what they are, breaking spell checking, while custom ligatures present in the font are not accessible at all. Since Word 2010, the program now has advanced typesetting features which can be enabled,[88] OpenType ligatures,[89] kerning and hyphenation (previous versions already had the latter two features). Other layout deficiencies of Give-and-take include the inability to ready crop marks or thin spaces. Diverse third-political party workaround utilities have been developed.[90]

In Word 2004 for Mac OS X, back up of complex scripts was junior even to Word 97[91] and Word 2004 did not support Apple Avant-garde Typography features like ligatures or glyph variants.[92]

Issues with technical documents [edit]

Microsoft word is only awkwardly suitable for some kinds of technical writing, specifically, that which requires: mathematical equations, figure placement, table placement and cross references to any of these items. The usual work-around for equations is to employ a third-party equation typesetter. Figures and tables must exist placed manually; there is an ballast mechanism merely it is not designed for fully automated effigy placement and editing text later on placing figures and tables often requires re-placing those items past moving the anchor point and even then the placement options are express. This problem is securely baked into Word'due south structure since 1985 as it does not know where page breaks will occur until the document is printed.

Bullets and numbering [edit]

Microsoft Word supports bullet lists and numbered lists. It also features a numbering system that helps add correct numbers to: pages, chapters, headers, footnotes and entries of tables of content; these numbers automatically change to correct ones as new items are added or existing items are deleted. Bullets and numbering can be applied directly to paragraphs and catechumen them to lists.[93] Word 97 through 2003, however, had bug adding correct numbers to numbered lists. In item, a second irrelevant numbered list might accept not started with number ane but instead resumed numbering after the last numbered list. Although Discussion 97 supported a subconscious marking that said the list numbering must restart afterward, the command to insert this marker (Restart Numbering control) was merely added in Word 2003. However, if 1 were to cut the first particular of the listed and paste it equally another particular (e.m. 5th), and so the restart marker would have moved with it and the list would take restarted in the heart instead of at the top.[94]

Users can also create tables in Word. Depending on the version, Word can perform simple calculations — along with back up for formulas and equations as well.

Word continues to default to not-Unicode characters and non-hierarchical bulleting, despite user preference for Powerpoint-mode symbol hierarchies (e.thou., filled circle/emdash/filled square/endash/emptied circle) and universal compatibility.

AutoSummarize [edit]

Bachelor in sure versions of Word (due east.one thousand., Word 2007), AutoSummarize highlights passages or phrases that it considers valuable and can be a quick way of generating a crude abstruse or an executive summary.[95] The amount of text to be retained can be specified by the user as a per centum of the electric current corporeality of text.

Co-ordinate to Ron Fein of the Discussion 97 team, AutoSummarize cuts wordy re-create to the bone by counting words and ranking sentences. First, AutoSummarize identifies the most common words in the document (barring "a" and "the" and the similar) and assigns a "score" to each word – the more frequently a give-and-take is used, the higher the score. And then, it "averages" each judgement by calculation the scores of its words and dividing the sum past the number of words in the sentence – the higher the average, the higher the rank of the sentence. "Information technology's like the ratio of wheat to crust," explains Fein.[96]

AutoSummarize was removed from Microsoft Word for Mac Bone X 2011, although it was present in Give-and-take for Mac 2008. AutoSummarize was removed from the Office 2010 release version (14) besides.[97]

Word for the web [edit]

Discussion for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft Word available as part of Role on the spider web, which also includes spider web versions of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint.

Word for the spider web lacks some Ribbon tabs, such as Design and Mailings. Mailings allows users to impress envelopes and labels and manage mail merge printing of Word documents.[98] [99] Word for the web is non able to edit certain objects, such equally: equations, shapes, text boxes or drawings, but a placeholder may be present in the document. Certain advanced features like table sorting or columns will not be displayed just are preserved as they were in the document. Other views available in the Word desktop app (Outline, Typhoon, Spider web Layout and Full Screen Reading) are not available, nor are side-past-side viewing, split windows and the ruler.[100]

Countersign protection [edit]

There are three password types that can be set in Microsoft Word,

  • Countersign to open a document[101]
  • Countersign to modify a certificate[101]
  • Password restricting formatting and editing[102]

The second and tertiary password types were developed by Microsoft for convenient shared use of documents rather than for their protection. There is no encryption of documents that are protected by such passwords and the Microsoft Office protection system saves a hash sum of a password in a document'south header where it can exist easily accessed and removed by the specialized software. Password to open a certificate offers much tougher protection that had been steadily enhanced in the subsequent editions of Microsoft Office.

Word 95 and all the preceding editions had the weakest protection that utilized a conversion of a password to a 16-bit cardinal.

Key length in Word 97 and 2000 was strengthened upward to xl bit. Nonetheless, modern cracking software allows removing such a password very apace – a persistent cracking procedure takes 1 week at nigh. Utilize of rainbow tables reduces password removal fourth dimension to several seconds. Some countersign recovery software can not simply remove a password but also discover an bodily password that was used past a user to encrypt the certificate using animal-force attack arroyo. Statistically, the possibility of recovering the password depends on the countersign force.

Word's 2003/XP version default protection remained the same but an option that immune avant-garde users choosing a Cryptographic Service Provider was added.[103] If a stiff CSP is chosen, guaranteed certificate decryption becomes unavailable and, therefore, a password tin can't exist removed from the document. Even so, a password can exist fairly speedily picked with a brute-force attack, because its speed is still high regardless of the CSP selected. Moreover, since the CSPs are not active past default, their use is express to advanced users just.

Word 2007 offers significantly more than secure document protection which utilizes the modern Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) that converts a password to a 128-bit primal using a SHA-i hash role 50,000 times. It makes password removal impossible (every bit of today, no reckoner that can pick the fundamental in a reasonable amount of time exists) and drastically slows the brute-forcefulness attack speed downwards to several hundreds of passwords per second.

Word's 2010 protection algorithm was not inverse apart from the increasing number of SHA-1 conversions up to 100,000 times and consequently, the animate being-force set on speed decreased two times more than.

Reception [edit]

Initial releases of Discussion were met with criticism. Byte in 1984 criticized the documentation for Word i.1 and 2.0 for DOS, calling it "a consummate farce". It chosen the software "clever, put together well and performs some extraordinary feats", but concluded that "particularly when operated with the mouse, has many more limitations than benefits ... extremely frustrating to learn and operate efficiently".[104] PC Magazine 'southward review was very mixed, stating: "I've run into weird word processors before, simply this is the first time ane's almost knocked me down for the count" but acknowledging that Word's innovations were the kickoff that caused the reviewer to consider abandoning WordStar. While the review cited an excellent WYSIWYG display, sophisticated print formatting, windows and footnoting equally merits, it criticized many small flaws, very slow performance and "documentation obviously produced by Madame Sadie'southward Pain Palace". Information technology concluded that Word was "ii releases away from potential greatness".[105]

Compute!'s Apple Applications in 1987 stated that "despite a certain awkwardness", Word iii.01 "will likely go the major Macintosh word processor" with "far too many features to list here". While criticizing the lack of true WYSIWYG, the magazine concluded that "Give-and-take is marvelous. Information technology's like a Mozart or Edison, whose occasional gaucherie we excuse because of his groovy gifts".[106]

Compute! in 1989 stated that Discussion 5.0'south integration of text and graphics made it "a solid engine for basic desktop publishing". The magazine approved of improvements to text mode, described the $75 toll for upgrading from an earlier version as "the bargain of the decade" and ended that "as a high-octane word processor, Word is definitely worth a wait".[107]

During the first quarter of 1996, Microsoft Word accounted for eighty% of the worldwide word processing market.[108]

Release history [edit]

Legend: Old version, not maintained Older version, still maintained Electric current stable version Latest preview version Future release

Microsoft Word 2010 running on Windows 7

Microsoft Word for Windows release history
Twelvemonth released Proper name Version Comments
1989 Word for Windows 1.0 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.0 Code-named Opus[109]
1990 Word for Windows 1.1 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.one For Windows 3.0.[110] Code-named Nib the Cat[ citation needed ]
1990 Word for Windows 1.1a Old version, no longer maintained: i.1a On March 25, 2022 Microsoft made the source code to Give-and-take for Windows 1.1a available to the public via the Computer History Museum.[111] [112]
1991 Word for Windows 2.0 One-time version, no longer maintained: 2.0 Included in Part 3.0.
1993 Give-and-take for Windows 6.0 Old version, no longer maintained: 6.0 Version numbers 3, 4 and five were skipped, to bring Windows version numbering in line with that of DOS, Mac Os, and WordPerfect (the main competing word processor at the time). Likewise a 32-bit version for Windows NT simply. Included in Office 4.0, 4.2, and 4.iii.
1995 Word for Windows 95 Old version, no longer maintained: 7.0 Included in Part 95
1997 Word 97 Old version, no longer maintained: viii.0 Included in Office 97
1998 Give-and-take 98 Old version, no longer maintained: viii.5 Included in Role 97
1999 Word 2000 One-time version, no longer maintained: ix.0 Included in Office 2000
2001 Give-and-take 2002 Old version, no longer maintained: 10.0 Included in Role XP
2003 Microsoft Word 2003 Old version, no longer maintained: 11.0 Included in Office 2003
2006 Microsoft Discussion 2007 Old version, no longer maintained: 12.0 Included in Office 2007; released to businesses on Nov xxx, 2006, released worldwide to consumers on Jan thirty, 2007. Extended back up until October ten, 2017.
2010 Give-and-take 2010 Old version, no longer maintained: 14.0 Included in Function 2010; skipped thirteen.0 due to triskaidekaphobia.[113]
2013 Word 2013 Older version, yet still maintained: 15.0 Included in Office 2013
2016 Word 2016 Older version, yet still maintained: 16.0 Included in Office 2016
2019 Word 2019 Older version, yet still maintained: 16.0 Included in Role 2019
2021 Word 2021 Current stable version: 16.0 Included in Office 2021
Microsoft Word for classic Mac Bone and macOS release history
Year released Name Version Comments
1985 Word 1 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.0
1987 Word 3 Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0
1989 Word iv Old version, no longer maintained: four.0 Part of Office 1.0 and 1.5
1991 Word five Old version, no longer maintained: 5.0
  • Part of Office 3.0
  • Requires System 6.0.ii, 512 KB of RAM (1 MB for 5.1, 2 MB to employ spell check and thesaurus), 6.five MB bachelor hard drive space[eighteen]
1992 Word five.i Erstwhile version, no longer maintained: 5.1
  • Office of Part 3.0
  • Last version to back up 68000-based Macs[18]
1993 Word 6 Old version, no longer maintained: 6.0
  • Function of Office 4.ii
  • Shares lawmaking and user interface with Discussion for Windows half-dozen
  • Requires Organization vii.0, 4 MB of RAM (eight MB recommended), at least 10 MB available hard bulldoze space, 68020 CPU[xviii]
1998 Word 98 Old version, no longer maintained: 8.5
  • Part of Function 98 Macintosh Edition
  • Requires PowerPC-based Macintosh
  • Renumbered aslope contemporary Windows version
2000 Word 2001 Old version, no longer maintained: ix.0
  • Part of Microsoft Office 2001
  • Last version compatible with Classic Mac OS (Mac Bone 9 or earlier)
2001 Word v. X Old version, no longer maintained: 10.0
  • Role of Office five. X
  • First version for Mac OS X simply
2004 Give-and-take 2004 Sometime version, no longer maintained: 11.0 Role of Role 2004
2008 Word 2008 One-time version, no longer maintained: 12.0 Part of Role 2008
2010 Word 2011 One-time version, no longer maintained: fourteen.0 Office of Office 2011; skipped 13.0 due to triskaidekaphobia.[113]
2015 Discussion 2016 Older version, yet still maintained: xvi.0 Part of Office 2016; skipped fifteen.0
2019 Word 2019 Older version, yet still maintained: xvi.0 Part of Part 2019
2021 Word 2021 Current stable version: 16.0 Included in Office 2021
Discussion for MS-DOS release history
Yr released Name Version Comments
1983 Word 1 Old version, no longer maintained: one.0 Initial version of Word
1985 Word 2 Old version, no longer maintained: 2.0
1986 Word 3 Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0
1987 Word 4 Sometime version, no longer maintained: 4.0
1989 Give-and-take five Erstwhile version, no longer maintained: 5.0
1991 Word 5.one Onetime version, no longer maintained: 5.1
1991 Discussion v.5 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.5 Get-go DOS version to utilise a Windows-like user interface
1993 Word six Old version, no longer maintained: 6.0 Last DOS version.
Discussion release history on other platforms
Platform Year released Name Comments
Atari ST 1988 Microsoft Write Based on Microsoft Give-and-take 1.05 for Mac OS
Os/2 1989 Microsoft Word 5.0 Discussion 5.0 ran both under DOS and under Bone/two dual style as a native OS/2 application
OS/2 1991 Microsoft Word 5.5 Word five.5 ran both nether DOS and under Bone/2 dual style as a native OS/2 application
Bone/2 1990 Microsoft Discussion for OS/2 Presentation Manager version 1.ane
OS/2 1991 Microsoft Discussion for OS/2 Presentation Director version 1.2[ citation needed ]
SCO Unix 1990 Microsoft Word for Unix version five.0[114]
SCO Unix 1991 Microsoft Give-and-take for Unix version v.1[115]

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Further reading [edit]

  • Tsang, Cheryl. Microsoft: Start Generation. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-33206-0.
  • Liebowitz, Stan J. & Margolis, Stephen Eastward. Winners, Losers & Microsoft: Competition and Antitrust in Loftier Technology Oakland: Independent Constitute. ISBN 978-0-945999-80-v.

External links [edit]

  • Microsoft Discussion – official site
  • Find and replace text by using regular expressions (Advanced) - archived official support website

browntiquitim.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word

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