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A Born Again Believer That Turned His Back on God

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This article is well-nigh the Christian term. For other uses, run into Born Again.

Evangelical Christian term

Born over again, or to feel the new nascence, is a phrase, particularly in evangelicalism, that refers to a "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the human spirit. In contrast to i's concrete birth, existence "born again" is distinctly and separately acquired by baptism in the Holy Spirit, information technology is not acquired past baptism in water. Information technology is a cadre doctrine of the denominations of the Anabaptist, Moravian, Methodist, Quaker, Baptist, Plymouth Brethren and Pentecostal Churches along with all other evangelical Christian denominations. All of these Churches strongly believe Jesus' words in the Gospels: "You must be built-in again before you lot tin can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven." Their doctrines too mandate that to be both "born again" and "saved", one must take a personal and intimate human relationship with Jesus Christ.[1] [2] [3] [4] [v] [6]

In contemporary Christian usage and autonomously from evangelicalism, the term is singled-out from similar terms which are sometimes used in Christianity in reference to a person who is existence or becoming a Christian. This usage of the term is commonly linked to baptism with water and the related doctrine of baptismal regeneration. Individuals who profess to be "built-in again" (significant in the "Holy Spirit") frequently land that they have a "personal human relationship with Jesus Christ".[7] [five] [6]

In addition to using this phrase with those who do not profess to be Christians, some Evangelical Christians use the phrase and evangelize those who belong to other Christian denominations or groups. This practice is based on the conventionalities that not-Evangelical Christians, even those Christians who are professed Christians, are not "born again" and do non have a "personal human relationship with Jesus." They therefore believe that they should deliver to not-Evangelical Christians in the aforementioned way that they would evangelize to people who do not profess the Christian faith.

The phrase "built-in over again" is besides used equally an adjective to describe individual members of the movement who espouse this conventionalities, and information technology is also used as an adjective to describe the motion itself ("born-again Christian" and the "born-again move").

Origin [edit]

The term is derived from an upshot in the Gospel of John in which the words of Jesus were not understood by a Jewish pharisee, Nicodemus.

Jesus replied, "Very truly I tell y'all, no 1 can see the kingdom of God unless they are built-in again." "How can someone be born when they are former?" Nicodemus asked. "Surely they cannot enter a 2nd time into their mother's womb to be born!" Jesus answered, "Very truly I tell you, no one tin can enter the kingdom of God unless they are built-in of water and the Spirit."

—Gospel of John, John chapter three, verses 3–v, NIV[eight]

The Gospel of John was written in Koine Greek, and the original text is cryptic which results in a double entendre that Nicodemus misunderstands. The word translated equally once more is ἄνωθεν (ánōtʰen), which could mean either "again", or "from above".[nine] The double entendre is a figure of oral communication that the gospel writer uses to create bewilderment or misunderstanding in the hearer; the misunderstanding is and then antiseptic by either Jesus or the narrator. Nicodemus takes simply the literal meaning from Jesus'due south statement, while Jesus clarifies that he means more of a spiritual rebirth from to a higher place. English language translations have to pick one sense of the phrase or another; the NIV, Rex James Version, and Revised Version utilise "built-in once again", while the New Revised Standard Version[10] and the New English Translation[xi] prefer the "built-in from above" translation.[12] Most versions will note the alternative sense of the phrase anōthen in a footnote.

Edwyn Hoskyns argues that "built-in from above" is to be preferred every bit the fundamental meaning and he drew attending to phrases such equally "birth of the Spirit",[thirteen] "birth from God",[14] but maintains that this necessarily carries with it an accent upon the newness of the life equally given by God himself.[15]

The final utilise of the phrase occurs in the First Epistle of Peter, rendered in the King James Version as:

Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned dear of the brethren, [see that ye] love ane another with a pure heart fervently: / Being born once more, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, past the discussion of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.

—one Peter ane:22-23[16]

Here, the Greek word translated as "born once more" is ἀναγεγεννημένοι ( anagegennēménoi ).[17]

Interpretations [edit]

The traditional Jewish agreement of the hope of salvation is interpreted as being rooted in "the seed of Abraham"; that is, physical lineage from Abraham. Jesus explained to Nicodemus that this doctrine was in mistake—that every person must have ii births—natural birth of the physical body and another of the water and the spirit.[eighteen] This discourse with Nicodemus established the Christian belief that all man beings—whether Jew or Gentile—must be "born once again" of the spiritual seed of Christ. The Apostle Peter further reinforced this agreement in ane Peter 1:23.[19] [17] The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "[a] controversy existed in the primitive church over the estimation of the expression the seed of Abraham. It is [the Apostle Paul's] teaching in one instance that all who are Christ's by faith are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to hope. He is concerned, however, with the fact that the promise is non being fulfilled to the seed of Abraham (referring to the Jews)."[20]

Charles Hodge writes that "The subjective modify wrought in the soul by the grace of God, is variously designated in Scripture" with terms such as new nascence, resurrection, new life, new creation, renewing of the heed, dying to sin and living to righteousness, and translation from darkness to light.[21]

Jesus used the "birth" analogy in tracing spiritual newness of life to a divine beginning. Contemporary Christian theologians have provided explanations for "born from above" existence a more than accurate translation of the original Greek word transliterated anōthen. [22] Theologian Frank Stagg cites two reasons why the newer translation is meaning:

  1. The accent "from above" (implying "from Heaven") calls attending to the source of the "newness of life". Stagg writes that the word "again" does not include the source of the new kind of outset;
  2. More personal improvement is needed. "a new destiny requires a new origin, and the new origin must be from God."[23]

An early instance of the term in its more mod apply appears in the sermons of John Wesley. In the sermon entitled A New Birth he writes, "none tin can be holy unless he be born once more", and "except he be born over again, none can be happy even in this world. For ... a human should not be happy who is not holy." Also, "I say, [a man] may exist born again and and so become an heir of salvation." Wesley also states infants who are baptized are born again, merely for adults it is different:

our church supposes, that all who are baptized in their infancy, are at the same time born once more. ... But ... it is sure all of riper years, who are baptized, are not at the same time born once again.[24]

A Unitarian piece of work called The Gospel Anchor noted in the 1830s that the phrase was not mentioned by the other Evangelists, nor past the Apostles except Peter. "It was non regarded past any of the Evangelists but John of sufficient importance to record." Information technology adds that without John, "we should hardly have known that it was necessary for one to be built-in again." This suggests that "the text and context was meant to apply to Nicodemus particularly, and not to the world."[25]

Historicity [edit]

Scholars of historical Jesus, that is, attempting to ascertain how closely the stories of Jesus match the historical events they are based on, mostly treat Jesus's chat with Nicodemus in John iii with skepticism. It details what is presumably a private conversation between Jesus and Nicodemus, with none of the disciples seemingly attention, making it unclear how a record of this chat was acquired. In addition, the conversation is recorded in no other ancient Christian source other than John and works based on John.[26] According to Bart Ehrman, the larger issue is that the same trouble English translations of the Bible have with the Greek ἄνωθεν (anōthen) is a problem in the Aramaic language also: there is no single word in Aramaic that means both "again" and "from above", even so the chat rests on Nicodemus making this misunderstanding.[27] Equally the chat was between ii Jews in Jerusalem, where Aramaic was the native language, there is no reason to think that they'd take spoken in Greek.[26] This implies that even if based on a existent conversation, the writer of John heavily modified it to include Greek wordplay and idiom.[26]

Denominational positions [edit]

Catholicism [edit]

Historically, the classic text from John three was consistently interpreted by the early church fathers equally a reference to baptism.[28] Mod Catholic interpreters have noted that the phrase 'built-in from above' or 'built-in over again'[29] is clarified as 'existence born of water and Spirit'.[30]

Cosmic commentator John F. McHugh notes, "Rebirth, and the commencement of this new life, are said to come about ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, of water and spirit. This phrase (without the article) refers to a rebirth which the early Church building regarded every bit taking identify through baptism."[31]

The Catechism of the Cosmic Church (CCC) notes that the essential elements of Christian initiation are: "declaration of the Word, acceptance of the Gospel entailing conversion, profession of faith, Baptism itself, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and access to Eucharistic communion."[32] Baptism gives the person the grace of forgiveness for all prior sins; information technology makes the newly baptized person a new brute and an adopted son of God;[33] it incorporates them into the Body of Christ[34] and creates a sacramental bail of unity leaving an indelible mark on our souls.[35] "Incorporated into Christ by Baptism, the person baptized is configured to Christ. Baptism seals the Christian with the indelible spiritual marking (graphic symbol) of his belonging to Christ. No sin can erase this mark, even if sin prevents Baptism from bearing the fruits of salvation. Given in one case for all, Baptism cannot be repeated."[36] The Holy Spirit is involved with each aspect of the motion of grace. "The kickoff piece of work of the grace of the Holy Spirit is conversion. ... Moved by grace, man turns toward God and away from sin, thus accepting forgiveness and righteousness from on loftier."[37]

The Catholic Church too teaches that under special circumstances the demand for water baptism can be superseded by the Holy Spirit in a 'baptism of desire', such as when catechumens die or are martyred prior to receiving baptism.[38]

Pope John Paul II wrote in Catechesi Tradendae about "the trouble of children baptized in infancy [who] come for catechesis in the parish without receiving any other initiation into the faith and still without any explicit personal attachment to Jesus Christ.".[39] He noted that "being a Christian means maxim 'yes' to Jesus Christ, but permit us remember that this 'yes' has ii levels: It consists of surrendering to the discussion of God and relying on it, but it too means, at a later stage, endeavoring to know better—and better the profound meaning of this word."[40]

The modern expression beingness "born again" is really nigh the concept of "conversion".

The National Directory of Catechesis (published by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, USCCB) defines conversion as, "the credence of a personal human relationship with Christ, a sincere adherence to him, and a willingness to adjust one'southward life to his."[41] To put it more simply "Conversion to Christ involves making a genuine commitment to him and a personal decision to follow him as his disciple."[41]

Echoing the writings of Pope John Paul 2, the National Directory of Catechesis describes a new intervention required past our modern world called the "New Evangelization". The New Evangelization is directed to the Church building herself, to the baptized who were never effectively evangelized before, to those who have never fabricated a personal commitment to Christ and the Gospel, to those formed past the values of the secular culture, to those who have lost a sense of faith, and to those who are alienated.[42]

Declan O'Sullivan, co-founder of the Cosmic Men's Fellowship and knight of the Sovereign Armed forces Order of Malta, wrote that the "New Evangelization emphasizes the personal encounter with Jesus Christ as a pre-condition for spreading the gospel. The born-once again experience is non simply an emotional, mystical loftier; the really important affair is what happened in the convert'due south life subsequently the moment or period of radical modify."[43]

Lutheranism [edit]

The Lutheran Church holds that "we are apple-pie of our sins and born again and renewed in Holy Baptism by the Holy Ghost. Just she too teaches that whoever is baptized must, through daily contrition and repentance, drown The Old Adam so that daily a new man come forth and arise who walks before God in righteousness and purity forever. She teaches that whoever lives in sins after his baptism has again lost the grace of baptism."[44]

Moravianism [edit]

With regard to the New Birth, the Moravian Church holds that a personal conversion to Christianity is a joyful experience, in which the private "accepts Christ as Lord" after which organized religion "daily grows within the person."[45] For Moravians, "Christ lived as a man because he wanted to provide a pattern for future generations" and "a converted person could attempt to live in his paradigm and daily become more like Jesus."[45] As such, "centre religion" characterizes Moravian Christianity.[45] The Moravian Church building has historically emphasized evangelism, peculiarly missionary piece of work, to spread the religion.[46]

Anabaptism [edit]

Anabaptist denominations, such as the Mennonites, teach that "True faith entails a new birth, a spiritual regeneration by God's grace and ability; 'believers' are those who have become the spiritual children of God."[47] In Anabaptist theology, the pathway to salvation, is "marked not by a forensic understanding of salvation by 'faith lone', but past the entire process off repentance, cocky-denial, faith rebirth and obedience."[47] Those who wish to tarry this path receive baptism after the New Birth.[47]

Anglicanism [edit]

The phrase born once more is mentioned in the 39 Articles of the Anglican Church in article 15, entitled "Of Christ alone without Sin". In office, information technology reads: "sin, as South. John saith, was non in Him. But all nosotros the residuum, although baptized and born once more in Christ, notwithstanding offend in many things: and if we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us."[48]

Although the phrase "baptized and built-in again in Christ" occurs in Article XV, the reference is clearly to the scripture passage in John 3:3.[49]

Reformed [edit]

In Reformed theology, Holy Baptism is the sign and the seal of one's regeneration, which is of condolement to the believer.[50] The fourth dimension of ane'due south regeneration, however, is a mystery to oneself co-ordinate to the Canons of Dort.[50]

Co-ordinate to the Reformed churches being born again refers to "the inward working of the Spirit which induces the sinner to respond to the effectual call". According to the Westminster Shorter Canon, Q 88, "the outward and ordinary ways whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are, his ordinances, especially the word, sacraments, and prayer; all of which are made effectual to the elect for salvation."[51] Effectual calling is "the piece of work of God's Spirit, whereby, convincing u.s.a. of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the noesis of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable united states of america to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel."[52] [53]

In Reformed theology, "regeneration precedes organized religion."[54] Samuel Storms writes that, "Calvinists insist that the sole cause of regeneration or existence born once more is the will of God. God showtime sovereignly and efficaciously regenerates, and merely in issue of that do nosotros act. Therefore, the individual is passive in regeneration, neither preparing himself nor making himself receptive to what God volition practise. Regeneration is a change wrought in u.s. past God, not an autonomous act performed past us for ourselves."[55]

Quakerism [edit]

The Central Yearly Meeting of Friends, a Holiness Quaker denomination, teaches that regeneration is the "divine work of initial conservancy (Tit. iii:5), or conversion, which involves the accompanying works of justification (Rom. 5:18) and adoption (Rom. 8:15, sixteen)."[iii] In regeneration, which occurs in the New Birth], there is a "transformation in the heart of the believer wherein he finds himself a new creation in Christ (2 Cor. v:17; Col. i:27)."[3]

Following the New Nativity, George Fox taught the possibility of "holiness of heart and life through the instantaneous baptism with the Holy Spirit subsequent to the new birth" (cf. Christian perfection).[56]

Methodism [edit]

In Methodism, the "new birth is necessary for conservancy considering it marks the move toward holiness. That comes with religion."[one] John Wesley, held that the New Nascence "is that nifty change which God works in the soul when he brings it into life, when he raises it from the death of sin to the life of righteousness."[58] [1] In the life of a Christian, the new nativity is considered the first work of grace.[59] In keeping with Wesleyan-Arminian covenant theology, the Articles of Organized religion, in Article XVII—Of Baptism, state that baptism is a "sign of regeneration or the new birth."[60] The Methodist Visitor in describing this doctrine, admonishes individuals: "'Ye must be built-in again.' Yield to God that He may perform this work in and for you. Admit Him to your heart. 'Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved.'"[61] [62] Methodist theology teaches that the New Nascence contains two phases that occur together, justification and regeneration:[63]

Though these 2 phases of the new birth occur simultaneously, they are, in fact, two carve up and distinct acts. Justification is that gracious and judicial human activity of God whereby a soul is granted complete absolution from all guilt and a full release from the penalty of sin (Romans 3:23-25). This act of divine grace is wrought past faith in the merits of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (Romans 5:i). Regeneration is the impartation of divine life which is manifested in that radical change in the moral graphic symbol of man, from the love and life of sin to the love of God and the life of righteousness (2 Corinthians 5:17; one Peter 1:23). ―Principles of Religion, Emmanuel Association of Churches[63]

Baptists [edit]

Baptists teach that people are born again when they believe that Jesus died for their sin, and was cached, and rose again (ane Cor 15:3-4), and that by assertive/trusting in Jesus' death, burial and resurrection, eternal life shall be granted as a gift past God (John 3:fourteen-16, Acts 10:43, Romans 6:23). Those who take been born again, according to Baptist instruction, know that they are "[children] of God because the Holy Spirit witnesses to them that they are" (cf. assurance).[64]

Plymouth Brethren [edit]

The Plymouth Brethren teach that the New Birth effects salvation and those who show that they accept been built-in again, repented, and have faith in the Scriptures are given the correct hand of fellowship, after which they can partake of the Lord's Supper.[65]

Pentecostalism [edit]

Holiness Pentecostals historically teach the new nativity (commencement work of grace), entire sanctification (second piece of work of grace) and baptism with the Holy Spirit, as evidenced by glossolalia, as the third piece of work of grace.[66] [67] The New Birth, according to Pentecostal education, imparts "spiritual life".[iv]

Jehovah's Witnesses [edit]

Jehovah'south Witnesses believe that individuals do not have the power to choose to be built-in again, but that God calls and selects his followers "from above".[68] Only those belonging to the "144,000" are considered to be born again.[69] [lxx]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [edit]

The Volume of Mormon emphasizes the need for everyone to exist reborn of God.[71]

Disagreements between denominations [edit]

The term "built-in again" is used by several Christian denominations, merely there are disagreements on what the term means, and whether members of other denominations are justified in challenge to exist born-again Christians.

Catholic Answers says:

Catholics should ask [Evangelical] Protestants, "Are y'all born again—the way the Bible understands that concept?" If the Evangelical has not been properly water baptized, he has not been built-in again "the Bible way," regardless of what he may call back.[72]

On the other hand, an Evangelical site argues:

Another of many examples is the Catholic who claims he too is "born once again." ... Even so, what the committed Catholic means is that he received his spiritual birth when he was baptized—either equally an infant or when equally an adult he converted to Catholicism. That's not what Jesus meant when He told Nicodemus he "must be born again."[73] The deliberate adoption of biblical terms which have different meanings for Catholics has get an constructive tool in Rome's ecumenical agenda.[74]

The Reformed view of regeneration may exist set apart from other outlooks in at least two means.

First, classical Roman Catholicism teaches that regeneration occurs at baptism, a view known as baptismal regeneration. Reformed theology has insisted that regeneration may take place at any time in a person'south life, even in the womb. It is non somehow the automatic result of baptism. Second, information technology is mutual for many other evangelical branches of the church to speak of repentance and faith leading to regeneration (i.e., people are built-in again merely afterward they exercise saving religion). Past dissimilarity, Reformed theology teaches that original sin and total depravity deprive all people of the moral ability and will to practise saving faith. ... Regeneration is entirely the work of God the Holy Spirit - we can do nothing on our own to obtain it. God alone raises the elect from spiritual decease to new life in Christ.[75] [76]

History and usage [edit]

Historically, Christianity has used diverse metaphors to depict its rite of initiation, that is, spiritual regeneration via the sacrament of baptism by the power of the water and the spirit. This remains the common agreement in most of Christendom, held, for example, in Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism,[44] Anglicanism,[77] and in other historic branches of Protestantism. However, quondam after the Reformation, Evangelicalism attributed greater significance to the expression built-in again [78] as an experience of religious conversion,[79] symbolized by deep-water baptism, and rooted in a commitment to i's own personal religion in Jesus Christ for salvation. This same belief is, historically, also an integral part of Methodist doctrine,[80] [81] and is connected with the doctrine of Justification.[82]

According to Encyclopædia Britannica:

'Rebirth' has oftentimes been identified with a definite, temporally datable grade of 'conversion'. ... With the voluntaristic type, rebirth is expressed in a new alignment of the will, in the liberation of new capabilities and powers that were hitherto undeveloped in the person concerned. With the intellectual type, information technology leads to an activation of the capabilities for agreement, to the quantum of a "vision". With others it leads to the discovery of an unexpected beauty in the order of nature or to the discovery of the mysterious meaning of history. With withal others information technology leads to a new vision of the moral life and its orders, to a selfless realization of love of neighbour. ... each person affected perceives his life in Christ at any given fourth dimension every bit "newness of life."[83]

According to J. Gordon Melton:

Built-in over again is a phrase used past many Protestants to describe the phenomenon of gaining organized religion in Jesus Christ. It is an experience when everything they take been taught as Christians becomes existent, and they develop a direct and personal relationship with God.[84]

According to Andrew Purves and Charles Partee:

Sometimes the phrase seems to be judgmental, making a stardom between genuine and nominal Christians. Sometimes ... descriptive, like the distinction between liberal and conservative Christians. Occasionally, the phrase seems historic, like the sectionalisation between Catholic and Protestant Christians. ... [the term] ordinarily includes the notion of human choice in salvation and excludes a view of divine election by grace solitary.[85]

The term born again has become widely associated with the evangelical Christian renewal since the late 1960s, first in the United States and and then around the world. Associated maybe initially with Jesus People and the Christian counterculture, built-in over again came to refer to a conversion experience, accepting Jesus Christ as lord and savior in order to be saved from hell and given eternal life with God in heaven, and was increasingly used as a term to identify devout believers.[12] By the mid-1970s, born once more Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as role of the born again move.

In 1976, Watergate conspirator Chuck Colson'due south book Born Again gained international detect. Time magazine named him "I of the 25 most influential Evangelicals in America."[86] The term was sufficiently prevalent and then that during the year'southward presidential campaign, Democratic party nominee Jimmy Carter described himself as "born again" in the start Playboy magazine interview of an American presidential candidate.

Colson describes his path to organized religion in conjunction with his criminal imprisonment and played a meaning role in solidifying the "born once more" identity equally a cultural construct in the US. He writes that his spiritual experience followed considerable struggle and hesitancy to have a "personal meet with God." He recalls:

while I sat lone staring at the sea I beloved, words I had non been certain I could empathise or say fell from my lips: "Lord Jesus, I believe in You. I accept You. Please come into my life. I commit it to You." With these few words...came a sureness of mind that matched the depth of feeling in my centre. There came something more than: strength and serenity, a wonderful new balls almost life, a fresh perception of myself in the globe around me.[87]

Jimmy Carter was the first President of the Us to publicly declare that he was born-again, in 1976.[88] By the 1980 campaign, all 3 major candidates stated that they had been built-in again.[89]

Sider and Knippers[xc] land that "Ronald Reagan's election that fall [was] aided by the votes of 61% of 'built-in-once again' white Protestants."

The Gallup Arrangement reported that "In 2003, 42% of U.S. adults said they were born-again or evangelical; the 2004 percentage is 41%" and that, "Black Americans are far more likely to identify themselves as born-again or evangelical, with 63% of blacks maxim they are born-again, compared with 39% of white Americans. Republicans are far more likely to say they are born-over again (52%) than Democrats (36%) or independents (32%)."[91]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, referring to several studies, reports "that 'born-again' identification is associated with lower support for government anti-poverty programs." Information technology too notes that "self-reported built-in-again" Christianity, "strongly shapes attitudes towards economic policy."[92]

Names which have been inspired by the term [edit]

The idea of "rebirth in Christ" has inspired[93] some common European forenames: French René/Renée, Dutch Renaat/Renate, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Croatian Renato/Renata, Latin Renatus/Renata, all of which hateful "reborn", "born once more".[94]

Statistics [edit]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics notes: "The GSS ... has asked a born-again question on three occasions ... 'Would you say you take been 'built-in once again' or have had a 'built-in-again' experience?" The Handbook says that "Evangelical, black, and Latino Protestants tend to respond similarly, with about two-thirds of each group answering in the affirmative. In contrast, only about i third of mainline Protestants and one sixth of Catholics (Anglo and Latino) claim a born-over again experience." Nonetheless, the handbook suggests that "built-in-over again questions are poor measures even for capturing evangelical respondents. ... it is likely that people who report a built-in-again experience also claim it as an identity."[95]

See too [edit]

  • Altar telephone call – Tradition in some Christian churches
  • Baptismal regeneration – Doctrines held by major Christian denomination
  • Born-again virgin – Person who commits to abstinence after having had sexual intercourse
  • Child dedication – Act of consecration of children
  • Jesus movement – Former evangelical Christian movement
  • Dvija – Twice-built-in status of Hindu male after Upanayana
  • Evangelism – Preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ
  • Monergism – View within Christian theology
  • Sinner's prayer – Evangelical Christian term referring to whatever prayer of repentance

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Joyner, F. Belton (2007). United Methodist Questions, United Methodist Answers: Exploring Christian Faith. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 39. ISBN9780664230395 . Retrieved 10 April 2014. The new birth is necessary for salvation because it marks the move toward holiness. That comes with faith.
  2. ^ Cathcart, William (1883). The Baptist Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of the Doctrines, Ordinances ... of the General History of the Baptist Denomination in All Lands, with Numerous Biographical Sketches...& a Supplement. L. H. Everts. p. 834.
  3. ^ a b c Manual of Organized religion and Practice of Cardinal Yearly Meeting of Friends. Key Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. p. 26.
  4. ^ a b Woods, William West. (1965). Culture and Personality Aspects of the Pentecostal Holiness Organized religion. Mouton & Company. p. eighteen. ISBN978-3-11-204424-7.
  5. ^ a b Bornstein, Erica (2005). The spirit of development: Protestant NGOs, morality, and economics in Zimbabwe. Stanford Academy Press. ISBN9780804753364 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. A senior staff fellow member in World Vision's California office elaborated on the importance of being "born again," emphasizing a cardinal "relationship" betwixt individuals and Jesus Christ: "...the importance of a personal relationship with Christ [is] that it's not just a matter of going to Christ or existence baptized when you are an infant. We believe that people need to exist regenerated. They demand a spiritual rebirth. The need to be born again. ...You must be born again before you lot tin can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Sky."
  6. ^ a b Lever, A. B. (2007). And God Said... ISBN9781604771152 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. From speaking to other Christians I know that the distinction of a born once again believer is a personal feel of God that leads to a personal human relationship with Him.
  7. ^ Price, Robert M. (1993). Beyond Built-in Once again: Toward Evangelical Maturity. Wildside Press. ISBN9781434477484 . Retrieved thirty July 2011. I have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ.
  8. ^ John 3:3-5
  9. ^ Danker, Frederick W., et al, A Greek-English Dictionary of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed (Chicago: University of Chicago,2010), 92. Specifically see the commencement (from above) and fourth (again, anew) meanings.
  10. ^ Jn 3:3 Internet
  11. ^ Jn 3:3 Cyberspace
  12. ^ a b Mullen, MS., in Kurian, GT., The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization, J. Wiley & Sons, 2012, p. 302.
  13. ^ Jn 1:5
  14. ^ cf. Jn 1:12-13; 1Jn 2:29, 3:9, 4:7, five:xviii
  15. ^ Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn C. and Davy, F.Northward.(ed), The Fourth Gospel, Faber & Faber 2nd ed. 1947, pp. 211,212
  16. ^ 1Peter 1:22-23
  17. ^ a b Fisichella, SJ., Taking Away the Veil: To See Beyond the Curtain of Illusion, iUniverse, 2003, pp. 55-56.
  18. ^ Emmons, Samuel B. A Bible Dictionary. BiblioLife, 2008. ISBN 978-0-554-89108-8.
  19. ^ 1Peter 1:23
  20. ^ Driscoll, James F. "Divine Hope (in Scripture)". The Cosmic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Visitor, 1911. 15 November 2009.[1]
  21. ^ "Systematic Theology - Book III - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  22. ^ The New Testament Greek Lexicon. 30 July 2009.
  23. ^ Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Woman in the World of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Printing, 1978. ISBN 0-664-24195-half dozen
  24. ^ Wesley, J., The works of the Reverend John Wesley, Methodist Episcopal Church, 1831, pp. 405–406.
  25. ^ LeFevre, CF. and Williamson, ID., The Gospel anchor. Troy, NY, 1831–32, p. 66. [2]
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External links [edit]

  • The New Nascence, John Wesley, sermon No. 45. Wesley'south instruction on being born over again, and statement that it is fundamental to Christianity.

browntiquitim.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again

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